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The Toolerax Blog — Page 9

Practical guides and tips to get the most out of our tools — and the concepts behind them.

·8 min read

How Text Becomes Binary

How computers turn letters into bits: ASCII, why a byte is 8 bits, how UTF-8 handles every language and emoji, and why you sometimes see garbled characters.

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·7 min read

How to Convert JSON to CSV

Convert JSON to CSV correctly: how arrays of objects map to rows and columns, how to flatten nested objects, and how CSV escaping works.

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·8 min read

How to Calculate a Discount

The discount formula, mental shortcuts, working backwards to the original price, why 20% + 10% is not 30% off, and the sale tricks worth seeing through.

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·8 min read

Understanding Aspect Ratios

What aspect ratio means, how to calculate and resize proportionally, why letterboxing exists, safe zones, and the right ratio for every platform.

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·7 min read

How Roman Numerals Work

The seven Roman numeral symbols, subtractive notation, how to read and write any year, why IIII appears on clocks, and why the system has no zero.

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·6 min read

Markdown Syntax Guide

A practical Markdown cheat sheet — headings, emphasis, lists, links, images, code, blockquotes and tables — plus why Markdown became the web's writing format.

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·8 min read

KB, MB, GB & TB Explained

Data storage units explained: bits vs bytes, KB vs KiB, why a 1 TB drive shows as 931 GB, why your internet speed isn't what you think, and a size reference.

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·8 min read

How Random Number Generators Work

Pseudo-random vs cryptographic randomness, why Math.random is predictable, what modulo bias is, drawing without duplicates, and how RNG bugs cost real money.

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·7 min read

How to Delete Pages from a PDF

A complete guide to removing pages from a PDF: delete vs split, physical page numbering, why the file may not shrink, redaction warnings, and common mistakes.

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·7 min read

WCAG Color Contrast Explained

What contrast ratio means, the WCAG AA and AAA thresholds for text and UI, how it is calculated, and how to pass without ruining your design.

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·7 min read

How to Rotate PDF Pages Permanently

Why rotating a PDF in your viewer does not stick, how to save rotation permanently, which angle to pick, rotating single pages, and fixing sideways scans.

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·8 min read

How to Convert JPG Images to a PDF

A complete guide to converting JPG and PNG images into a single PDF: page order, orientation, file size, DPI, scanning documents with a phone, and privacy.

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